The Application of Olink in the Discovery of Inflammatory and Immune Biomarkers
In the research of inflammatory diseases, immune-related conditions, and immunotherapy, accurately analyzing the dynamic changes of proteins in plasma and tissue is crucial for discovering new biomarkers and revealing mechanisms. Detection methods such as ELISA have limitations in throughput and sample volume, while mass spectrometry has high coverage but limited ability to detect low-abundance cytokines and dynamic signals. The Olink proteomics platform, based on PEA (Proximity Extension Assay) technology, provides a high-throughput, sensitive solution for inflammation and immune research, and has become an important tool in scientific and clinical research.
I. The Value of Olink Proteomics in Inflammation and Immune Research
1. Precise Coverage of Immune-Related Proteins
(1) The Olink panel includes a rich array of cytokines, chemokines, immune receptors, and signaling molecules, such as IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL family, PD-L1, etc.;
(2) Comprehensive detection of innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and cytokine networks helps to fully characterize the immune status.
2. High Sensitivity Adapted to Low Abundance Factors
(1) Detection limits can reach fg/mL, capturing cytokine fluctuations that are difficult to quantify with traditional methods;
(2) Dynamic range covers approximately 10 orders of magnitude, meeting the monitoring needs of different intensity signals from acute inflammatory responses to chronic immune regulation.
3. Low Sample Volume Supports Longitudinal and Cohort Studies
(1) Only 1-3 μL of plasma/serum is needed per test, enabling large-scale longitudinal monitoring;
(2) Suitable for limited clinical samples in rare diseases or pediatric cohorts.
II. Typical Application Scenarios of Olink Proteomics
1. Mechanism Research of Inflammatory Diseases
(1) Mapping of inflammatory networks in chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, etc.;
(2) Identify key factors in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways through differential analysis, such as IL-17A, IL-23, and TNF family members.
2. Immunotherapy-Related Research
(1) Prediction of efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: Monitoring changes in immune cytokines before and after treatment;
(2) Safety monitoring of CAR-T and cell therapies: Detecting indicators related to cytokine storm such as IL-6, IL-10.
3. Clinical Translation and Biomarker Discovery
(1) Screening diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers through large-scale cohorts, such as predicting the prognosis of septic shock;
(2) Assisting pharmaceutical companies and hospitals in conducting early diagnosis and efficacy monitoring research on immune-related diseases.
III. Data Analysis Strategies for Olink Inflammation and Immune Research
1. Standardization of NPX Values
(1) Original signals (qPCR Cq values or NGS reads) are subjected to background subtraction and cross-plate correction;
(2) Output log2 scale NPX values for inter-group differences and pathway analysis.
2. Differential Analysis and Functional Interpretation
(1) Differential protein screening: commonly using Fold Change ≥2 and FDR<0.05;
(2) Combining KEGG, Reactome pathway enrichment to pinpoint inflammatory signaling pathways such as NF-κB, JAK/STAT, TGF-β pathways.
3. Multi-Omics Joint Analysis
(1) Combining transcriptomics (immune-related gene expression) and metabolomics to construct a comprehensive immune network;
(2) Using machine learning methods to screen combination biomarkers for diagnosis and efficacy prediction.
The Olink proteomics platform based on PEA, with its low sample requirements, high sensitivity, and abundant immune-related panels, has become a powerful tool in inflammation and immune research.Whether in mechanism research, clinical cohorts, or immunotherapy monitoring, Olink helps researchers discover new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Biotech Bio-Tech Co., Ltd. offers comprehensive services from detection to data interpretation, from biomarker discovery to clinical validation, leveraging rich Olink project experience and multi-technology integration capabilities to accelerate the transformation of scientific research achievements.
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