Analysis of Lipoxygenase Products

Lipoxygenases are a family of non-heme, iron-containing enzymes that mostly catalyze the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids containing cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene moieties in lipids to synthesize cell signaling agents. These signaling agents serve various roles, functioning as autocrine signals to regulate the function of their parent cells, as paracrine signals to regulate the function of nearby cells, and as endocrine signals to regulate the function of distant cells. Human proteins expressed by the lipoxygenase family include ALOX12, ALOX12B, ALOX15, ALOX15B, ALOX5, and ALOXE3. Although humans also have the ALOX12P2 gene, which is an ortholog of the Alox12P gene in mice, the human ALOX12P2 gene is a pseudogene; therefore, the ALOX12P2 protein is not detected in humans.

Lipoxygenases are related to each other based on similar genetic structures and dioxygenase activity. However, one lipoxygenase, ALOXE3, although containing the genetic structure of lipoxygenases, has relatively low dioxygenase activity; instead, its main activity appears to be as an isomerase, catalyzing the conversion of hydroperoxy unsaturated fatty acids to their 1,5-epoxy alcohol derivatives.

Lipoxygenases are present in plants, fungi, and animals. Archaea also possess proteins with amino acid sequences similar to lipoxygenases (about 20%), but these proteins lack iron-binding residues, and therefore do not have lipoxygenase activity.

Lipoxygenase product analysis

Lipoxygenases are most common in plants, where they may be involved in various aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, insect resistance, and senescence. In mammals, many lipoxygenase isoenzymes participate in the metabolism of eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and non-classical eicosanoids. Two lipoxygenases can act sequentially to produce dihydroxy or trihydroxy products, which are entirely different from the products of individual lipoxygenases. This sequential metabolism can occur in different cell types, where cells express only one of the two lipoxygenases in a process known as transcellular metabolism. For example, ALOX5 and ALOX15 or ALOX5 and ALOX12 can sequentially metabolize arachidonic acid to lipoxins, while ALOX15 and possibly ALOX15B can act with ALOX5 to metabolize eicosapentaenoic acid to resolvin D.

BiotechPack offers lipoxygenase product analysis services based on a highly stable, reproducible, and highly sensitive system for separation, characterization, identification, and quantification, combined with LC-MS/MS to provide reliable, rapid, and cost-effective analysis.

BiotechPack can provide analysis of the following lipoxygenase products

1. 5-HETE
2. 12-HETE
3. 15-HETE
4. 11-HETE
5. 5,6-DiHETE
6. 17-Hydroxy-DHA

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