Antigen Epitope Analysis
An antigenic epitope, also known as an antigenic determinant, is a chemical functional group on an antigen molecule that can be specifically recognized and bound by an antibody. Each antigen may contain multiple different epitopes, each capable of binding to a specific antibody. There are linear epitopes and conformational epitopes. Linear epitopes, also known as continuous epitopes, are composed of continuous amino acid residues from the linear sequence of the antigen protein. Conformational epitopes, also known as discontinuous epitopes, are three-dimensional structures formed by amino acids in close spatial proximity, recognized by antibodies. Research and identification of antigenic epitopes are crucial for disease diagnosis, vaccine design, and therapeutic strategy development. Understanding and analyzing antigenic epitopes can help us better understand immune response mechanisms and how to effectively combat pathogens.
Protein antigen linear epitopes and conformational epitopes
Traditional methods involve degrading protein antigens into small fragments and then determining antibody binding sites through sequencing. Other techniques such as ELISA, phage display random peptide libraries, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics also provide powerful tools for epitope analysis. Mass spectrometry-based protein sequencing is a robust method for analyzing antigen linear epitopes, which can also be used to identify potential linear epitope regions by detecting areas with high hydrophilicity, surface accessibility, flexibility, and antigenicity. Compared to linear epitopes, conformational epitopes are more challenging to map. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry can identify conformational epitopes of an antigen by detecting the effect of antibody binding on the hydrogen-deuterium exchange rate of the antigen protein. During hydrogen-deuterium exchange, regions of the antigen bound to the antibody exhibit slower exchange rates due to the shielding effect of binding. By comparing the results of antigen alone with D2O reactions and antigen with antibody reactions with D2O, it can be determined which peptide segments' exchange rates are affected by the antibody, thereby identifying the conformational epitopes bound to the antibody.
Biotech company Biotime (BTP) has seven testing platforms certified by CNAS/ISO9001 dual quality systems. The company offers comprehensive epitope mapping services using several mature technology platforms, including LC-MS, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography, and bioinformatics prediction techniques to accurately identify linear and conformational epitopes. This ensures the accuracy and reliability of the data provided, offering solid scientific support for your R&D and applications. Feel free to contact us anytime to learn more about our services!
Antigen Epitope AnalysisTechnical Applications
1. Vaccine Design
Identifying key immunogenic regions on the pathogen aids in designing more targeted and effective vaccines.
2. Antibody Engineering and Therapeutics
Knowing the exact location where an antibody binds to an antigen helps design improved antibody therapies and optimize antibody affinity and specificity for specific applications.
3. Optimization of Biological Therapies
Identifying and modifying antigenic epitopes that may lead to adverse reactions or instability in drugs
About the Samples
| Sample Types | Purified Antibody | Antigen or its fragments | Serum | Cells |
PCR Product or Synthetic Peptide |
| Sample Quantity | 1-104ug | 1-104ug | 20-200ul | 106-1010pieces | 1-104ug |
mediumEnglish Project Report
In the technical report, Biotime will provide you with a detailed bilingual version (Chinese and English) of the technical report, which includes:
1. Experimental Procedures (in Chinese and English)
2. Relevant Mass Spectrometry Parameters (in Chinese and English)
3. Detailed Information on Antigen Epitope Analysis
4. Mass Spectrometry Images
5. Raw Data
Antigen Epitope AnalysisOne-stop Service
You only need to place an order and send samples
Biotime completes the one-stop service: Sample Processing - Instrument Analysis - Data Analysis - Project Report
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