Sphingosine (SPH) is a long-chain aliphatic compound with a non-cyclic carbon skeleton, typically featuring a 2-amino-1,3-diol functional group. The major sphingosine bases in mammalian tissues are sphingosine (2S,3R-d-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecene-4E-diol), sphinganine (2S,3R-d-erythro-2-amino-1,3-octadecanediol), and 4-hydroxy-sphinganine (2S,3S,4R-erythro-2-amino-1,3,4-octadecanetriol). In yeast, the major sphingosine bases are dihydrosphingosine and phytosphingosine.
Structure of Sphingosine
The synthesis of sphingosine is essential for the endocytosis internalization step and the formation of the actin cytoskeleton in yeast. Sphingosine has also been shown to play a role in regulating amino acid permease expression on the cell surface. Additionally, sphingosine affects signaling pathways such as protein kinase C and phosphatidic acid. Sphingosine is associated with aging, increasing as yeast ages. It has been demonstrated that sphingosine mediates the aging process by inhibiting mitochondrial fusion and causing fragmentation, leading to a decrease in mtDNA copy number, ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxygen consumption.
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