ATAC-seq Sequencing Principle (Chromatin Accessibility)

ATAC-seq (Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing) is a technique used to study regions of open chromatin, which are DNA regions easily accessible for transcription factors and other proteins. ATAC-seq utilizes a protein known as Tn5 transposase to insert sequencing adapters into active chromatin regions. The action of the transposase causes DNA breaks, resulting in DNA fragments of varying lengths. These fragments reflect the open state of the chromatin, as tightly wrapped DNA regions are inaccessible to the transposase. The DNA fragments with inserted sequencing adapters are then amplified using PCR and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The data obtained from sequencing can be analyzed to reveal which chromatin regions are open under specific conditions. The advantage of ATAC-seq lies in its ability to rapidly and sensitively detect the open chromatin state across the entire genome, making it highly useful for understanding gene expression regulation and the epigenetic characteristics specific to cell types.

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